in 2021 suggested that the syndicate had become one of the most far-reaching and dangerous organised crime groups in the world.
Nigeria is its main recruitment ground and many of its members are university educated and inducted during their schooling.
The group has been on the radar of law enforcement agencies for a number of years.
FBI operations against Black Axe were launched in November 2019 and September 2021, eventually charging more than 35 individuals with multi-million dollar internet fraud.
Since then there have been several other operations across multiple countries targeting Black Axe co-ordinated by the global policing agency Interpol.
Last month, Interpol said during its latest one - which took place between November 2025 and June 2026 - seven sites in South Africa linked to a syndicate involved in romance and investment scams were raided.
It led to the arrests of 39 people, the seizure of money and the blocking of more than 250 bank accounts.
